outcomes corresponded with increasing vaccine coverage, and these declines were sustained even after societal reopening. Finally, the high effectiveness against all SARS-CoV-2 infections and apparent effectiveness against infections that were asymptomatic at the time of epidemiological investigation suggest that BNT162b2 might reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Taken together, these findings suggest that high vaccine uptake can meaningfully stem the pandemic and offers hope for eventual control of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as vaccination programmes ramp up across the rest of the world. Contributors EJH and SA-P conceived the study, conducted the analysis, and edited the final manuscript. EJH, FJA, JMM, and DLS wrote the first draft of the protocol. EJH, JMM, FK, and KP cleaned and analysed the data. All authors contributed to study design, drafting the protocol, and revising the manuscript for important intellectual content, were responsible for the decision to submit for publication, and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript. All authors had full access to the deidentified and aggregated data in the study. EJH, JMM, and FK accessed and verified the data underlying the study and take responsiblity for the data. Declaration of interests FJA, JMM, FK, GM, KP, JS, DLS, and LJ hold stock and stock options in Pfizer. All other authors declare no competing interests. Data sharing The individual-level data used in this study are sensitive and cannot be publicly shared. Requests for data should be made to the Ministry of Health of Israel. Aggregated surveillance data are freely available online at https://data.gov.il/dataset/covid-19. Acknowledgments We thank Natalia Bilenko, Tal Brosh, Dani Cohen, Ron Dagan, Aharona Glatman-Freedman, Michael Gdalevich, Manfred Green, Yoram Hamu, Amit Huppert, Udi Kaliner, Boaz Lev, Ella Mendelson, Ami Mizrachi, Walid Salliba, Avigdor Shafferman, Chen Stein-Zamir, Michal Stein, Dana Wolf, and Gidon Zuriely of the Israel Advisory Council for COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness for their guidance and feedback on data management and analysis. We also thank Rona Kaiser, Hanna Levi, Gilad Saar, Osnath Dreyfuss, and Natalia Pertsovsky from the Israel MoH for data management and programming assistance; Yotam Shenhar from Leumit Health Services and Ron Milo and Yinon Bar On from the Weizmann Institute of Science for assistance with data on SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 in Israel; and Marc Lipsitch and Miguel Hernan from Harvard University for epidemiological guidance. 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